Why did the cattle perish in the Tang Dynasty

Why did the cattle perish in the Tang Dynasty

Why did the cattle perish in the Tang Dynasty

In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, it achieved high achievements in politics, economy, culture, diplomacy and other aspects, and was one of the powerful countries in the world at that time. Silla, Goguryeo, Baekje, Balhae and Japan were all greatly influenced by the Tang Dynasty in their political system and social culture. In the first half of the Tang Dynasty, the society and economy were on the rise, and the culture was advanced. It was a period of great export of culture and technology from China to neighboring countries in history. The inclusive social atmosphere also provided an unprecedented exchange and integration environment for all nationalities who had entered the country since the sixteen States, and the rulers also absorbed a lot from foreign civilizations. In the second half of the Tang Dynasty, in the transitional period of Chinese history, the reform of the land, salt and iron, and taxation systems marked the social changes, and the prosperity from the middle period onwards was mainly manifested in the prosperity of industry and commerce.
javascript:;
The rich wealth left by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Southern Chen Dynasty and the early Sui Dynasty was destroyed by the turmoil at the end of the Sui Dynasty, the economy was seriously damaged, and the population also plummeted to more than 2 million households, and the external Eastern Turjue was unprecedently powerful. Before Li Yuan entered Guanzhong, he sent an envoy to tout the Wagon army Li Mi, making it a barrier to the Central Plains. King Li Shimin and Prince Li Jiancheng fought for the throne, and in 626, Prince Li Shimin launched a revolt at Xuanwumen, killed Prince Li Jiancheng and King Li Yuanji of Qi, and took control of Chang 'an. Li Yuan knew the situation well, so Zen let the throne, become the emperor. Li Shimin succeeded to the throne as Emperor Taizong. Taizong Li Shimin ordered the renovation of Luoyang capital, known as Luoyang Palace, Li Shimin reign of Luoyang before and after a total of 11 years.

From the peasant war in the late Sui Dynasty, Taizong realized the power of the masses, learned the lessons from the Sui Dynasty, paid attention to the life of the people, paid attention to the officials, selected the talented and able, knew the people and made good use of them, followed the advices, and used the forthrights such as Wei Zheng. And adopted a series of policies based on agriculture, strict economy, recuperation, cultural and educational revival, improve the imperial examination system, etc., which made the society appear relatively stable situation; He also vigorously suppressed foreign aggression, respected the customs of the border ethnic groups, promoted ethnic integration, and stabilized the border areas. Tang Taizong was respected as "Heaven Khan" by all four countries. During his reign of Zhenguan (627-649), under the joint efforts of the king and subjects, there appeared a relatively clear political, economic development, social stability, and flourishing of martial arts, which was known as the "rule of Zhenguan" in history. This was the first reign of the Tang Dynasty, and laid a solid foundation for the later prosperous Kaiyuan era.

In the later years of Emperor Taizong's life, Prince Li Chenggan fought with King Li Tai of Wei, and as a result, both were deposed and Li Zhi, the ninth son of King Jin, was appointed crown prince. In the twenty-third year of Zhenguan (649), Emperor Li Zhi ascended the throne and the Tang capital was moved to Luoyang. At the beginning of his reign, he continued to implement the various political and economic systems formulated by Emperor Taizong, and assisted the government together with Changsun Wuji and Chu Suiliang. Emperors and subjects have kept in mind Taizong's last will and testament, and pursued the unswerving Taizong's instructions to accept advice and love the people.

After Li Zhi ascended the throne, he announced to his ministers: "If something is not convenient for the people, it is appropriate to Chen, and if it is not enough, it is even sealed." And the day of the emperor's history into the cabinet, asked to the people's suffering, Taizong ordered to worship thrift, Tang Emperor Gaozong called: "Since the capital officials and other states have offered eagles and dogs and horses sin." Tang Gaozong emperors and ministers Xiao Rule Cao, according to the Tang Taizong decree implementation, so Yonghui years, border stability, people Fu 'an, there is a legacy of Zhenguan, known as "Yonghui rule." During his reign, the Tang Dynasty had the most extensive territory.

After the middle period of Emperor Gaozong, the political power was gradually controlled by Wu Zetian. Wu Zetian was a talented person of Emperor Taizong, who was summoned to the palace by Emperor Gaozong after his death. She won the power struggle and was appointed empress, known in history as "wise and involved in literature and history" [In 660, Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, due to health reasons, let Wu Zetian handle the government, so Wu and Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty were called "two saints", after Emperor Gaozong's death, crown prince Li Xian ascended the throne as Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty. Due to disagreements with Emperor Zhongzong, Wu Zetian soon dethrone him as King of Luling and made his fourth son, Li Dan, emperor of Tang Ruizong. In 690, Wu Zetian put down the rebellion of Xu Jiejing, removed Tang Ruizong, succeeded the emperor, changed the title of the kingdom to Zhou, known as Wu Zhou in history, established Luoyang as the capital of God, changed Luoyang as the capital of God, and promoted Li Dan to the imperial heir, Wu Zetian became the only female Wu Zetian in Chinese history to come to power and become emperor during the period, the imperial examination system was further improved, and she initiated the palace examination and the military examination. Wu Zetian attacked the Guanlong Group, vigorously promoted officials from the imperial examination, known as "Beimen scholars", many from the Central Plains, Guandong and Jiangnan, and vigorously promoted talents, such as Di Renjie, Zhang Jianzhi, Zhang Renwish, Yao Chong and other famous generals and generals.

During Wu Zetian's reign as emperor, there was also progress in social culture and art. At that time, Buddhism flourished and Buddhist temples were frequently built during Wu Zetian's reign, which was represented by the expansion of the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang. History called the period of Wu Zetian as "on the Chengzhen view, under the Kai Yuan", "the government Kai Yuan, governing macro Zhen view" after the restoration of Tang Ruizong, its sister Taiping princess and crown prince Li Longji had a power struggle. In the first year of Yanhe (712), Emperor Ruizong gave way to Emperor Li Longji, who became Emperor Xuanzong. The following year, Emperor Xuanzong gave Princess Taiping to death, and his partisans were either killed or expelled, ending the political strife.

Under the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, the Tang Dynasty gradually entered a prosperous era, known as "Kaiyuan flourishing era", which is considered to be the second prosperous situation in Chinese history after Xiao Xuan Zhongxing. After Emperor Xuanzong changed the Yuan Tianbao, Chengping for a long time, the country had nothing to do, the ruler gradually lost the spirit of seeking treatment upward, and began to indulge in pleasure, and ignored the state from now on. After Na Yang Yuhuan for the concubine, more addicted to wine and sex. Emperor Xuanzong appointed Li Linfu, who had the reputation of "mouth and belly sword", as prime minister for 18 years, which made the Tang Dynasty corrupt. After the death of Li Linfu, Yang Guozhong became the prime minister, and the situation of eunuchs intervening in government appeared. Emperor Xuanzong was very pleased with his achievements, so the border generals often provoked wars against foreign races in order to win victory. At that time, the military system was changed from the government to the recruitment system, which combined the control with the soldiers in the military town, resulting in the situation that the border generals were specialized in the army, among which An Lushan, the Hu man who controlled the heavy troops, was the most prominent.

In 901, Cui Yin, the prime minister, and Sun Dezhao, the general of the Forbidden Army, defeated Liu Jishu, welcomed Emperor Zhaozong back to the throne, and Li Yu returned to King De. Zhu Wen and Li Keyong became influential figures in the late Tang Dynasty. With the support of Zhu Wen, the prime minister's faction won the victory and Zhu Wen entered the palace and executed all the eunuchs. In the first year of Tianyou (904), Zhu Wen kidnapped Emperor Zhaozong of Tang to move the capital to Luoyang and killed him shortly thereafter. In the second year of Tianyou (905), Zhu Wen severely demoted the court officials, and killed more than 30 courtiers in Baima Yi and threw their bodies into the river, which was called the disaster of Baima Yi in history. In 907, Zhu Wen forced Emperor Ai Li Chian to take the throne, changed the title of the state to Liang, was Liang Taizu, changed the yuan to Kaiping, and made the capital Kaifeng. The end of the Tang Dynasty lasted 290 years.